![]() This is a rather sketchy answer to your question, but your question goes deep :) The bottom line is that matter particles interact with the Higgs field through the Yukawa interactions, and W and Z acquired their masses through the Higgs mechanism during the electroweak breaking. During this, in a rather elaborate sequence of events, some components of the Higgs field were lost in order for W and Z to arise with masses. Note that "electroweak" refers to the unified electromagnetic and weak forces, but as the universe cooled down they got separated. For electrons and electron neutrinos, L e 1 for their antiparticles, L e 1 all other particles have L e 0. In any interaction, each of these quantities must be conserved separately. W and Z acquired their mass during the "electroweak symmetry breaking", through what is known as "Higgs mechanism". There are three different lepton numbers: the electron-lepton number L e, the muon-lepton number L, and the tau-lepton number L. It corresponds to the popularized metaphors of someone moving through a liquid and feeling heavier, or a celebrity moving through a crowded room and acquiring followers, making it harder to move.Īs to bosons, actually only the W and Z bosons (the carriers of the weak force) are relevant here, because photons and gluons are massless. Now, leptons and quarks acquire mass through their interaction with the Higgs field via a mechanism known as "Yukawa". ![]() (There are more bosons around, but I understand that your question is about the difference between matter and force carriers in how they acquire mass.) Bosons, or more precisely their exchange, are responsible for the fundamental forces. ![]()
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